RF Electronics Chapter 2: Computer Simulation Page 47
2022, C. J. Kikkert, James Cook University, ISBN 978-0-6486803-9-0.
Figure 2.59. Comparison of measured and modelled low voltage winding impedances of a
200 kVA mains power distribution transformer. (Fig 7 of [9])
Figures 2.59 and 2.60 show the results from this technique being applied to the modelling
of a power distribution transformer at power line carrier (PLC) frequencies, for Smart
Grid applications [9]. One thousand impedance measurements are made on each of the
23 selected combinations of 10 terminals, using frequencies from 50 Hz to 5 MHz. A 3-
phase model is developed and the circuit values are then matched, to provide the best
match to the measurements. The actual circuit model required is far more complex than
the model used and as a result, a good match is obtained for 10 kHz to 400 kHz
frequencies used for PLC, but a poorer match is obtained at 50 Hz to 500 Hz. Without
using this black box impedance matching technique, a suitable transformer model could
not be developed.
Figure 2.60. One phase of the 3-phase transformer circuit model. (Fig 6 of
ref [27])
Figure 2.60 shows one phase of this three-phase transformer model. In addition, coupling
between each of the windings to the transformer case are included in the full model. These
RF Electronics: Design and Simulation
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