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Transmission line Balanced Mixer 144
Branchline Coupler Balanced Mixer 145
Basic Operation 146
Hardware Realisation 148
180°Hybrid Microwave DBM 153
Active Single Transistor Mixer 155
Frater-Gilbert Cell Active Mixer 156
Quadrature (IQ) Mixers 161
Active IQ Mixers 163
Image Reject Mixers 163
Passive IQ Mixers 166
Examples of Commercial Active Mixers 167
LTCC Mixers 168
MMIC Mixers 169
Other Mixers 169
Additional Resources 169
References 170
Abbreviations 171
Chapter 6: Oscillators 173
Principles of Oscillators 173
Oscillator Types 173
Positive Feedback Oscillators 173
Oscillator Design Process 174
Frequency Selective Networks 175
Colpitts Oscillator Design Procedure 176
Step 1: Select an amplifier type 176
Step 2: Design an amplifier 177
Step 3: Design a resonator 178
Step 4: Linear Oscillator Analysis 179
Step 5: Nonlinear Oscillator Analysis 179
Hartley Oscillator 182
Practical Inductors 186
Example 6.1: Low Phase Noise Oscillator Design 187
Low Phase Noise Colpitts Oscillator 187
Low Phase Noise Hartley Oscillator 188
Crystal Oscillators 190
Example 6.2: Crystal Oscillator Design 190
RF and Microwave Oscillators 193
Example 6.3: 1 GHz Microstrip Oscillator Design 194
Dual Resonator Oscillator 199
Design Improvements 201
Phase Locked Loops 205
Frequency Locked Loop 206
References 206
RF Electronics: Design and Simulation
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