IV
Page
Transmission Line Hybrid with Ferrite Cores 61
Many Way Hybrids 62
References 63
Chapter 4: Transmission Line Transformers and Hybrids 64
Introduction 64
Example 4.1: Bandwidth Calculation 65
Wilkinson Transmission Line Hybrid 67
Compensated Wilkinson Hybrid 72
Unequal Split Wilkinson Hybrid 73
Wideband Wilkinson Hybrid 73
Example 4.2: 90 to 270 MHz Wilkinson Hybrid 74
Quarter Wave Hybrid or 1.5 Rat-race hybrid 78
Branchline Coupler 80
Backward Travelling Wave Hybrid 88
Edge Coupled Lines 88
Example 4.3: 20 dB Coupler 89
Lange Coupler 93
Broadside Coupled Lines 94
Example 4.4: 100 Watt 3 dB Broadside Coupler 96
Coaxial Couplers 98
Transmitter Power Meters 98
Transmission Line Baluns 98
Marchand Balun 99
Marchand Balun Realisation 101
Parallel Line Balun Realisation 104
Wireline and Wirepac Couplers
References 107
Chapter 5: Frequency Mixers 109
Introduction 109
Definition of Terms 110
Conversion Loss 110
Isolation 111
Compression Point 111
Dynamic Range 112
Two-tone Third Order Intermodulation Distortion 112
Third Order Intercept Point 113
LO Level 114
Example 5.1: Mixer LO Level Calculation 115
Ideal Multiplier 115
Single Diode Mixer 117
Computer Simulation of Mixers 119
Balanced Mixer 125
Double Balanced Mixer 129
Mixer Terminations 137
Triple Balanced Mixer and High Level BDM 140
Microwave Mixers 143
RF Electronics: Design and Simulation
IV www.cadence.com/go/awr
