TECHNICAL MEMORANDUM
Page 10 of 12
• The dynamic load-line is an effective
indication of the degree of non-linear
operation and may be useful in assessing
negative resistance and resonator loading.
• The simulation utilized the same common-
collector elements; an interesting
investigation would encompass intentional
asymmetry to disclose performance
variations.
• An interesting investigation – and one that I
intend to explore – is the addition of devices
to the push-push topology. The performance
expectation is increased power output and
lower phase noise.
References and Additional Reading
[1.] Bender, J. and Wong, C., "Push-Push
Design Extends Bipolar Frequency
Range", Microwaves and RF, October
1983.
[2.] Nativ, Z. and Shur, Y., "Push-Push VCO
Design with CAD Tools", Microwave
Journal, February 1989.
[3.] Gris, M., "Wideband, Low Phase Noise
Push-Push Oscillator", Applied
Microwave and Wireless, January 2000.
[4.] Yabuki, Sagawa and Makimoto, "VCOs
for Mobile Communications", Applied
Microwave and Wireless, Winter,
1991/1992.
[5.] Scherer, D., "Low Phase Noise Design
Tutorial", HP Measurement Symposium,
October, 1978.
[6.] Microwave Office User Manual,
version 5.53
[7.] Chang, Cao, Mishra, York, "Phase
Noise
in Coupled Oscillators: Theory and
Experiment," IEEE Trans. MTT, Vol. 45,
No. 5, May 1997.
X-Band Push-Push Oscillator Simulation and Measurement
10 www.cadence.com/go/awr
