RF Electronics Chapter4: Transmission Line Transformers and Hybrids Page 77
2022, C. J. Kikkert, James Cook University, ISBN 978-0-6486803-9-0.
more than obtained by the simulation. Part of this loss could be due to the thin protective
coating used to prevent the copper tracks from oxidising. This hybrid has a very
satisfactory performance over a 3:1 frequency range and could not have been realised
without the computer simulation and optimisation described in this book.
Figure 4.19. Simulated performance of the hybrid of figure 4.18.
Figure 4.20. Measured performance of the hybrid of figure 4.18.
The losses in the circuit due to the resistance of the tracks, dielectric losses of the substrate
and radiation losses of the Microstrip lines, vary with frequency, as can be seen in figures
4.19 and 4.20. Since the difference is only 0.25 dB over a 3:1 frequency range, this is
RF Electronics: Design and Simulation
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