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RF Electronics: Design and Simulation

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RF Electronics Chapter 5: Frequency Mixers Page 169 2022, C. J. Kikkert, James Cook University, ISBN 978-0-6486803-9-0. device package is much smaller at 5.08x4.57 mm and is shown in the middle of figure 5.98. 3) MAC-24+ High Reliability DBM [27]. This DBM requires a +7 dBm LO signal and has a LO/RF frequency range of 300 MHz to 2.4 GHz with a conversion loss of 6.5 dB. The device package is a hermetically sealed package 7.62x6.35 mm shown on the right of figure 5.98. This mixer is about 3 times the price of the other two mixers. The schematic diagram for all these mixers is the same as figure 5.31. The performance of the LTCC mixers is similar that of the Core & Wire mixers for the same frequency range and LO level, but the LTCC mixers tend to cost less. More details on LTCC circuits are given in chapter 11: Circuit Manufacture. Figure 5.98. Mini-Circuits LTCC DBM packages 1) SM2 [25], 2) HV1195 [26], 3) DZ1650 [27]. MMIC Mixers At microwave frequencies, the DBM can also be produced on silicon. Silicon has a dielectric constant of 11.7 and the same techniques that can be used to make LTCC DBMs, can also be used with silicon. MMIC transformers are typically made by precision printing parallel lines as spiral inductors on a substrate. Including the diodes then result in an MMIC mixer. Several manufacturers make MMIC mixers [2, 28-31]. These can be either active mixers or passive mixers. As a typical example, the CMD251C3 [32] is a passive 4 - 8.5 GHz fundamental mixer, that has a performance similar to high-level core and wire DBMs, but uses a 3x3 mm SMT package. Other Mixers Mixer manufacturers make other types of mixers, such as DBMs using FETs in a passive mode (no DC supplied to the FET) in order to obtain an improved IP3 performance. The description of such devices are beyond the scope of these notes, but some further details can be found at the Mini-Circuits web site (www.minicircuits.com). Additional Resources 1 Mini-Circuits, Application notes on Frequency mixers AN00-001 to AN00-015 available from: https://www.minicircuits.com/applications/application_notes.html or https://blog.minicircuits.com/engineering-resources/ and then selecting Frequency Mixers or Modulators/ Demodulators 2 Mini-Circuits, "RF Frequency Mixers", available from: https://www.minicircuits.com/WebStore/Mixers.html 3 Stephen A Maas, "Microwave Mixers", Artech House, 2 nd Ed, 1993. RF Electronics: Design and Simulation 169 www.cadence.com/go/awr

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